Osteo
Radiographic Evaluation of Bone Structures, Lesions, Growth Disorders, Osteogenesis, Degenerative Disease,Tumors, Benign, Malignant (primary and secondary)
Achondroplasty
achondroplasty; osteosclerosis congenita; Parrot’s disease (2); a type of chondrodystrophy characterized by an abnormality of conversion of cartilage into bone, predominantly affecting the epiphyses of long bones in which epiphysial growth is retarded and ceases early, resulting in dwarfism apparent at birth, with short extremities, but normal trunk; the head is frequently enlarged, with flattened nose, due to midfacial hypoplasia; autosomal dominant inheritance.
Radiographic Appearance – Radiology:
Skeletal X-Ray
Short bowed wide bones with expanded ends
Increased bone density
Characteristic cupping of metaphases
Incomplete glenoid fossa and acetabulum
Wide joint spaces
Radiographic Appearance – Radiology:
Skeletal X-Ray
Short bowed wide bones with expanded ends
Increased bone density
Characteristic cupping of metaphases
Incomplete glenoid fossa and acetabulum
Wide joint spaces
Categories: Osteo Tags: Achondroplasty
Categories: Osteo Tags: 5th metatarsal, fractures
Common types of fracture lines
Transverse fractures are perpendicular to the long axis of bone. Oblique fractures occur at an angle. Spiral fractures result from a rotatory mechanism; on x-rays, they are differentiated from oblique fractures by a component parallel to the long axis of bone in at least 1 view. Comminuted fractures have > 2 bone fragments. Comminuted fractures include segmental fractures (2 separate breaks in a bone). Avulsion fractures are caused by a tendon dislodging a bone fragment. In impacted fractures, bone fragments are driven into each other, shortening the bone; these fractures may be visible as a focal abnormal density in trabeculae or irregularities in bone cortex. Childhood fractures include torus fractures (buckling of the bone cortex) and greenstick fractures (cracks in only 1 side of the cortex).
Spatial relationship between fracture fragments
Distraction, displacement, angulation, or shortening (overriding) may occur. Distraction is separation in the longitudinal axis. Displacement is the degree to which the fractured ends are out of alignment with each other; it is described in millimeters or bone width percentage. Angulation is the angle of the distal fragment measured from the proximal fragment. Displacement and angulation may occur in the ventral-dorsal plane, lateral-medial plane, or both.
Salter-Harris classification of epiphyseal disk (growth plate) fractures
Disruption of future bone growth is common with types III, IV, and V but uncommon with types I and II.
Growth plate fractures are suspected in children with tenderness localized over the growth plate. Read more…
Categories: Osteo Tags: classification, disk, epiphyseal, fractures, growth, plate, Salter-Harris
Open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF)
Intertrochanteric fractures usually result from falls or direct blows. Patients have tenderness, ecchymosis, and swelling over the hip; usually, the leg is shortened and rotates externally. Plain x-rays are usually diagnostic. Treatment is usually ORIF and early mobilization.
Femoral shaft fractures: The usual injury mechanism is severe direct force or an axial load to the flexed knee. Fracture due to trauma causes obvious swelling, deformity, and instability. Up to 1.5 L of blood for each fracture may be lost. Treatment is immediate splinting, then ORIF.
What Is Osteonecrosis
What Is Osteonecrosis?
Osteonecrosis is a disease resulting from the temporary or permanent loss of blood supply to the bones. Without blood, the bone tissue dies, and ultimately the bone may collapse. If the process involves the bones near a joint, it often leads to collapse of the joint surface. Osteonecrosis is also known as avascular necrosis, aseptic necrosis, and ischemic necrosis.
Although it can happen in any bone, osteonecrosis most commonly affects the ends (epiphysis) of the femur, the bone extending from the knee joint to the hip joint. Other common sites include the upper arm bone, knees, shoulders, and ankles. The disease may affect just one bone, more than one bone at the same time, or more than one bone at different times.
According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 10,000 to 20,000 people develop osteonecrosis each year, and most of them are between 20 and 50 years of age. Osteonecrosis is the underlying diagnosis in approximately 10 percent of hip replacements. Orthopaedists – doctors who specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system – most often diagnose this disease. The amount of disability that results from osteonecrosis depends on what part of the bone is affected, how large an area is involved, and how effectively the bone rebuilds itself.
Normally, bone continuously breaks down and rebuilds – old bone is replaced with new bone. This process – which takes place after an injury as well as during normal growth – keeps the skeleton strong and helps it to maintain a balance of minerals. In the course of osteonecrosis, however, the healing process is usually ineffective and the bone tissues break down faster than the body can repair them. If left untreated, the disease progresses, the bone collapses, and the joint surface breaks down, leading to pain and arthritis.
Avascular Necrosis of Bilateral Femoral Heads (Coronal T1) showing bilateral avascular necrosis of differing age
Number of View :506Categories: Osteo Tags: Osteonecrosis
Acetabular Fractures
Iliopectineal line
(anterior column) Ilioischial line
(posterior column) Anterior lip and teardrop Posterior lip Dome
o Judet views
o 45° obturator oblique – Anterior column, posterior wall
o 45° iliac oblique – Posterior column, anterior wall
o Analysis of the fracture begins with the anterior-posterior hip view:
o A break in the iliopectineal line indicates a break in the anterior column.
o A break in the ilioischial line indicates a break in the posterior column.
o Discontinuity in the posterior lip suggests a posterior wall fracture
o Discontinuity of the anterior lip suggests an anterior wall fracture.
o A break in the obturator ring suggests a fracture separating the anterior and posterior columns. 
Categories: Osteo Tags: Acetabular, fractures
