MRI
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (NMRI), magnetic resonance tomography (MRT) is a medical imaging technique used to visualize detailed internal structures
Spinal disc herniation
A spinal disc herniation (prolapsus disci intervertebralis), informally and misleadingly called a “slipped disc”, is a medical condition affecting the spine, in which a tear in the outer, fibrous ring (annulus fibrosus) of an intervertebral disc (discus intervertebralis) allows the soft, central portion (nucleus pulposus) to bulge out. Tears are almost always posterior-ipsilateral in nature owing to the presence of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the spinal canal. This tear in the disc ring may result in the release of inflammatory chemical mediators which may directly cause severe pain, even in the absence of nerve root compression (see “chemical radiculitis” below). This is the rationale for the use of anti-inflammatory treatments for pain associated with disc herniation, protrusion, bulge, or disc tear.
Number of View :2675Categories: Spine Tags: disc, herniation, Spinal
Neurosarcoidosis
Neurosarcoidosis (sometimes shortened to neurosarcoid) refers to sarcoidosis, a condition of unknown cause featuring granulomas in various tissues, involving the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). It can have many manifestations, but abnormalities of the cranial nerves (a group of twelve nerves supplying the head and neck area) are the most common. It may develop acutely, subacutely, and chronically.
Number of View :552Categories: Brain Tags: Neurosarcoidosis
Neuroblastoma
Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid cancer in childhood and the most common cancer in infancy, with an annual incidence of about 650 new cases per year in the US. Close to 50 percent of neuroblastoma cases occur in children younger than two years old. It is a neuroendocrine tumor, arising from any neural crest element of the sympathetic nervous system or SNS. It most frequently originates in one of the adrenal glands, but can also develop in nerve tissues in the neck, chest, abdomen, or pelvis.
Number of View :515Categories: Brain Tags: Neuroblastoma
Cavernous hemangioma
Cavernous angioma, also known as cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM), cavernous haemangioma, and cavernoma, is a vascular disorder of the central nervous system that may appear either sporadically or exhibit autosomal dominant inheritance.
It can also occur in other locations, such as the thyroid gland or the liver.
Categories: Brain Tags: Cavernous, hemangioma
Tuberous sclerosis
Tuberous sclerosis or tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare, multi-system genetic disease that causes non-malignant tumors to grow in the brain and on other vital organs such as the kidneys, heart, eyes, lungs, and skin. A combination of symptoms may include seizures, developmental delay, behavioral problems, skin abnormalities, lung and kidney disease. TSC is caused by a mutation of either of two genes, TSC1 and TSC2, which encode for the proteins hamartin and tuberin respectively. These proteins act as tumor growth suppressors, agents that regulate cell proliferation and differentiation.
Number of View :513
Categories: Brain Tags: Tuberous sclerosis
Dandy-Walker syndrome
Dandy-Walker syndrome (DWS), or Dandy-Walker complex, is a congenital brain malformation involving the cerebellum and the fluid filled spaces around it. A key feature of this syndrome is the partial or even complete absence of the part of the brain located between the two cerebellar hemispheres (cerebellar vermis). The Dandy-Walker complex is a genetically sporadic disorder that occurs one in every 25,000 live births, mostly in females.
Number of View :1506Categories: Brain Tags: Dandy-Walker, syndrome
Basic MRI scans
T1-weighted MRI
T1-weighted scans are a standard basic scan, in particular differentiating fat from water – with water darker and fat brighter use a gradient echo (GRE) sequence, with short TE and short TR. This is one of the basic types of MR contrast and is a commonly run clinical scan. The T1 weighting can be increased (improving contrast) with the use of an inversion pulse as in an MP-RAGE sequence. Due to the short repetition time (TR) this scan can be run very fast allowing the collection of high resolution 3D datasets. A T1 reducing gadolinium contrast agent is also commonly used, with a T1 scan being collected before and after administration of contrast agent to compare the difference. In the brain T1-weighted scans provide good gray matter/white matter contrast; in other words, T1-weighted images highlight fat deposition.
Number of View :418HCC Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, also called malignant hepatoma) is the most common type of liver cancer. Most cases of HCC are secondary to either a viral hepatitide infection (hepatitis B or C) or cirrhosis (alcoholism being the most common cause of hepatic cirrhosis).
Number of View :487
Categories: Abdomen Tags: Carcinoma, HCC, Hepatocellular
Nabothian cyst
A nabothian cyst (or nabothian follicle) is a mucus-filled cyst on the surface of the cervix. They are most often caused when stratified squamous epithelium of the ectocervix (toward the vagina) grows over the simple columnar epithelium of the endocervix (toward the uterus).
This tissue growth can block the cervical crypts (subdermal pockets usually 2-10 mm in diameter), trapping cervical mucus inside the crypts. The transformation of tissue types is called metaplasia. Read more…
Empty Sella Syndrome
Empty Sella Syndrome (ESS) is a disorder that involves the sella turcica, a bony structure at the base of the brain that surrounds and protects the pituitary gland. Read more…
Number of View :1006Categories: Brain Tags: Empty Sella, syndrome
